Ripple is a global payment protocol aimed to provide fast transactions and cheap payments internationally. The network uses a digital currency known as XRP (sometimes it's referred to as Ripple). Unlike other cryptocurrencies Ripple is not aimed to replace banks, rather this project is created to improve the work of banks (including transactions between different banks) via blockchain solutions.
Litecoin was created in 2011 by a Google employee Charlie Lee. Currently, this cryptocurrency is one of the largest by market capitalization. Litecoin was created as one of the first forks of the Bitcoin blockchain. Also, it is safe to say that Litecoin is one of the first altcoins. While Bitcoin is based on SHA-256 algorithm, Litecoin utilizes a lighter scrypt algorithm.