Poloniex launched in 2014. It is based in the United States. It was recently acquired by Circle, a large Goldman-Sachs backed company. The exchange faced a hacker attack soon after opening which caused a higher level of security provided later. It requires a user’s physical address, postal address, date of birth, id, and phone number.
Zaif exchange stands out among the Japan-based exchanges because it's not solely focused on the Asian countries. Among other options, Zaif offers a fiat to crypto exchange.