Tezos is a smart contract platform with its own blockchain and a native token (Tezos, XTZ). The governance is performed via Proof-of-Stake algorithm. It means that stakeholders (those who own at least 10,000 XTZ) vote for changes in the protocol. These validators ("bakers") get rewards for the performance of validation. The rewards are generated via inflation. Those who delegate their XTZ to bakers can earn, too.
Tezos has a built-in "self-amendment" mechanism which makes it possible to shape the network without having to make forks. It keeps the community united and makes development process easier.
Einsteinium (EMC2) coin was released in 2014. It is mineable and can be traded. You can also buy it in exchange for other cryptos (the buying option for fiat is not available yet).
Dogecoin (DOGE) was founded in the US in 2013 as a joke but quickly gained a large following. It became a popular cryptocurrency (DOGE) used for tipping the content creators (mainly on Reddit and Telegram). As the creators had no serious plans for their currency they didn't elaborate a roadmap and were not working on the improvement of their project too much. The founder of Dogecoin Jackson Palmer left the project in 2015.